一．形容词和副词

知识要点

　　1)英语中大多数形容词、副词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如：John is a tall boy.两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如：Jim is taller than John.三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。Mike is the tallest of the three boys.(形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)

　　2).形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化

　　规则变化

　　①单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er最高级+est small-smaller-smallest等

　　②以e结尾的词，比较级+r，最高级+st即可nice-nicer-nicest

　　③以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+er或est easy-easier-easiest

　　④双写最后一个辅音字母+er或est hot-hotter-hottest

　　⑥ 一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most，如：

　　difficult---more difficult---most difficult

　　不规则变化：

　　good/well-better-best,   bad-worse-worst   many/much-more-most    little-less-least

far-further -furthest(表示程度)    far-farther-farthest(表示远近)

old-older-oldest(表新旧) old-elder-eldest(表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼)

　　3).比较级前的修饰词：a little, a lot, much, even; far; still

　　4)形容词、副词比较级的特殊用法

　　①形容词/副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)"表示"比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……"，含义是"最……"。

　　例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.

　　= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earliest in his class.注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom's class.

　　②"the+形容词比较级+of the two+……"表示"...是两者中较…的"。

　　如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.

　　③"比较级+and+比较级"表示"越来越……"。He is getting taller and taller.

　　④"the+比较级，the+比较级"表示"越…,越…,"。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you'll make

　　5).最高级常用句型结构

　　①"主语+be+ the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。

　　如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.

　　②"主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语"表示"…是……中最……之一"。

　　如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.

③序数词+最高级

Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.

　练习：I.写出所给词的反义词。

  　1.young________ 6.better___________

　　2. white________ 7. longer__________

　　3. big__________ 8. thinner_________

　　4. left_________ 9. far_____________

　　5.fast_________ 10. light__________

一．形容词和副词

知识要点

　　1)英语中大多数形容词、副词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如：John is a tall boy.两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如：Jim is taller than John.三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。Mike is the tallest of the three boys.(形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the)

　　2).形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化

　　规则变化

　　①单音节或双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级+er最高级+est small-smaller-smallest等

　　②以e结尾的词，比较级+r，最高级+st即可nice-nicer-nicest

　　③以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+er或est easy-easier-easiest

　　④双写最后一个辅音字母+er或est hot-hotter-hottest

　　⑥ 一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most，如：

　　difficult---more difficult---most difficult

　　不规则变化：

　　good/well-better-best,   bad-worse-worst   many/much-more-most    little-less-least

far-further -furthest(表示程度)    far-farther-farthest(表示远近)

old-older-oldest(表新旧) old-elder-eldest(表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼)

　　3).比较级前的修饰词：a little, a lot, much, even; far; still

　　4)形容词、副词比较级的特殊用法

　　①形容词/副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)"表示"比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……"，含义是"最……"。

　　例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.

　　= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class. = Mike gets to school earliest in his class.注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom's class.

　　②"the+形容词比较级+of the two+……"表示"...是两者中较…的"。

　　如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.

　　③"比较级+and+比较级"表示"越来越……"。He is getting taller and taller.

　　④"the+比较级，the+比较级"表示"越…,越…,"。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you'll make

　　5).最高级常用句型结构

　　①"主语+be+ the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语"表示"……是……中最……的"。

　　如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.

　　②"主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语"表示"…是……中最……之一"。

　　如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.

③序数词+最高级

Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.

　练习：I.写出所给词的反义词。

  　1.young________ 6.better___________

　　2. white________ 7. longer__________

　　3. big__________ 8. thinner_________

　　4. left_________ 9. far_____________

　　5.fast_________ 10. light__________