（三）Affirm v. affirmative (adj.& n.); affirmation
(1)        The minister affirmed the government’s intention to reduce taxes. （确认）
Affirmation of human dignity; He said it in affirmation. （肯定地）
(2)        To affirm one’s faith in democracy/one’s innocence （郑重申明；坚持声称）
He gave us an affirmative/negative answer. （A reply in the affirmative）
(3)        He didn’t feel very affirmative about what was happening. （积极的，乐观的）
An affirmative approach/attitude

Affirmative action （积极/反歧视行动/措施）
Enterprises are encouraged to take affirmative action to employ minorities, women
and the handicapped. (ethnic, ethnic minority)

（四）Vulnerable/ness, invulnerable (adj.); vulnerability, invulnerability
(1)        Speaking in public is his vulnerable point. （弱点）
That country is economically vulnerable but militarily a colossus.
(2)        Small children are vulnerable to colds. （易受攻击的/影响的）
Your arguments are rather vulnerable to criticism.
His divorce makes him politically vulnerable.
He is vulnerable to bribery.
Substantial amounts of money were paid by vulnerable people for little service.

（五）Convict v. conviction
(1)        He was convicted of smuggling/murder/arson.(acquit of)
(2)        The teacher convicted him of his errors. He was convicted by his conscience.
conviction
(1)        He was sent to prison on conviction of smuggling.
That is her third conviction for stealing.
These young people have no previous convictions.
(2)        The audience was swayed by the speaker’s conviction.（说服力）
He always speaks with conviction.  His speech carries conviction. （令人信服地；有说服力）speak in the full conviction (深信)
(3)        It was his firm conviction that their team would finally win.（坚信）
He is a man of great conviction and ability. （信念坚定）

（三）Affirm v. affirmative (adj.& n.); affirmation
(1)        The minister affirmed the government’s intention to reduce taxes. （确认）
Affirmation of human dignity; He said it in affirmation. （肯定地）
(2)        To affirm one’s faith in democracy/one’s innocence （郑重申明；坚持声称）
He gave us an affirmative/negative answer. （A reply in the affirmative）
(3)        He didn’t feel very affirmative about what was happening. （积极的，乐观的）
An affirmative approach/attitude

Affirmative action （积极/反歧视行动/措施）
Enterprises are encouraged to take affirmative action to employ minorities, women
and the handicapped. (ethnic, ethnic minority)

（四）Vulnerable/ness, invulnerable (adj.); vulnerability, invulnerability
(1)        Speaking in public is his vulnerable point. （弱点）
That country is economically vulnerable but militarily a colossus.
(2)        Small children are vulnerable to colds. （易受攻击的/影响的）
Your arguments are rather vulnerable to criticism.
His divorce makes him politically vulnerable.
He is vulnerable to bribery.
Substantial amounts of money were paid by vulnerable people for little service.

（五）Convict v. conviction
(1)        He was convicted of smuggling/murder/arson.(acquit of)
(2)        The teacher convicted him of his errors. He was convicted by his conscience.
conviction
(1)        He was sent to prison on conviction of smuggling.
That is her third conviction for stealing.
These young people have no previous convictions.
(2)        The audience was swayed by the speaker’s conviction.（说服力）
He always speaks with conviction.  His speech carries conviction. （令人信服地；有说服力）speak in the full conviction (深信)
(3)        It was his firm conviction that their team would finally win.（坚信）
He is a man of great conviction and ability. （信念坚定）