形式主语和形式宾语讲解与练习

形式主语或形式宾语指的是：当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语或宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语或形式宾语置于句首或句中动词之后，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。主要有:

    一、it作形式主语

    It 作形式主语的常见句型：

    ① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….

    e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。)

    It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)

② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….

    e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。)

    It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.

    (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)

   ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….

    该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.

    e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.

    (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)

    It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.

    (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)

④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that ….

    e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. (似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)

   ⑤ 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。

    e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?

    (他们明天不来很重要吗？)

⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.

    这是一个表示“(某人)花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式(to do sth.)，句型中的sb.也可以省略。

    e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.

    (我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)

    It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.

    (从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)

  二. it作形式宾语

    在句中,通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”：

    I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。

    I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。

通常意义的形式宾语其真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语。

    ① 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时 (如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等)；

    e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.

    (他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。)

    I think it no need talking about it with them.

    (我认为没必要跟他们谈。)

    ② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；

    e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy. (我不喜欢他那么懒惰。)

③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；

    e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.

    (尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。)

    Would you see to it that she gets home early? (你负责保证她早到家，好吗？)

  ④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。

    e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.

    (我让你自己判断这事是否该做。)

三. 形式主语、形式宾语专项练习

1. It's easier _____ than ________.

    A. say, do   B. to say, to do  C. says, does  D. saying, doing

2. It takes me 30 minutes ________ to school by bike every day.

    A. going    B. to go     C. goes      D. go

3. It’s not easy ________ us _________ a foreign language.

    A. for; learning    B. of; learning    C. of; to learn   D. for; to learn

4. Children find___ interesting to play computer games.

    A. that     B. which       C. it      D. it’s

5. Do you think it important _____ computer well?

    A. play    B. plays       C. to play    D. playing

6. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

    A. this B. that C. it D. he

7. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

    A. this   B. that  C. its   D. it

8. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

    A. this B. that C. he D. it

9. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help.

    A. he B. which C. she D. it

10. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

    A. There     B. This    C. That     D. It

11. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.

    A. it B. that C. these D. them

12. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

    A. this B. that C. it D. one      

13. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office.

    A. This; that    B. That; that   C. It; that      D. He; that

14. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice.

    A. that B. this C. it D. them

15. _______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?

    A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly

参考答案

1—5  BBDCC     6—10  CDDDD    11—15  ACCCB

形式主语和形式宾语讲解与练习

形式主语或形式宾语指的是：当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语或宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语或形式宾语置于句首或句中动词之后，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。主要有:

    一、it作形式主语

    It 作形式主语的常见句型：

    ① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….

    e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。)

    It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)

② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….

    e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。)

    It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.

    (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)

   ③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….

    该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.

    e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.

    (据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)

    It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.

    (大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)

④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词+ that ….

    e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. (似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)

   ⑤ 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。

    e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?

    (他们明天不来很重要吗？)

⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth.

    这是一个表示“(某人)花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式(to do sth.)，句型中的sb.也可以省略。

    e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials.

    (我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)

    It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.

    (从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)

  二. it作形式宾语

    在句中,通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”：

    I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。

    I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。

通常意义的形式宾语其真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语。

    ① 当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时 (如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等)；

    e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.

    (他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。)

    I think it no need talking about it with them.

    (我认为没必要跟他们谈。)

    ② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；

    e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy. (我不喜欢他那么懒惰。)

③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语；

    e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.

    (尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。)

    Would you see to it that she gets home early? (你负责保证她早到家，好吗？)

  ④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。

    e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.

    (我让你自己判断这事是否该做。)

三. 形式主语、形式宾语专项练习

1. It's easier _____ than ________.

    A. say, do   B. to say, to do  C. says, does  D. saying, doing

2. It takes me 30 minutes ________ to school by bike every day.

    A. going    B. to go     C. goes      D. go

3. It’s not easy ________ us _________ a foreign language.

    A. for; learning    B. of; learning    C. of; to learn   D. for; to learn

4. Children find___ interesting to play computer games.

    A. that     B. which       C. it      D. it’s

5. Do you think it important _____ computer well?

    A. play    B. plays       C. to play    D. playing

6. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

    A. this B. that C. it D. he

7. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

    A. this   B. that  C. its   D. it

8. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

    A. this B. that C. he D. it

9. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help.

    A. he B. which C. she D. it

10. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

    A. There     B. This    C. That     D. It

11. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.

    A. it B. that C. these D. them

12. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

    A. this B. that C. it D. one      

13. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office.

    A. This; that    B. That; that   C. It; that      D. He; that

14. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice.

    A. that B. this C. it D. them

15. _______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?

    A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly

参考答案

1—5  BBDCC     6—10  CDDDD    11—15  ACCCB