【知识点＆考点讲解】

语法知识部分

1、there be结构在一般过去时的各种句型转换：

There be结构的组成： There be + 名词短语 +方位短语.

(1)肯定句：

e.g.: Long long ago, there was a king. / There were a lot of people in the street.

(2)否定句：在be动词was或were后+not, some要改成any.

e.g.: There were some people in the street.(否定句)

There were not any people in the street.

(3) 一般疑问句及其肯定和否定回答：

e.g.: A: Was there a house on the mountain?

B: Yes, there was. / No, there wasn’t.

e.g.:A: Were there any flowers in the garden?

    B: Yes, there were. /No, there weren’t.

(4)有关there be的特殊疑问句的问答：

A1：What was in front of the lion’s house?(针对名词短语提问)  

B1: There were some flowers .

A2: How many houses were there on the mountain?（针对数量词提问）

B2: There was one.

2、动词在一般过去时中的变化(动词过去式)：

a、be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am , is ---- was,  are --- were.

b、规则动词的一般过去时的四种变化：

（1）直接+ed;  如：pick --- picked ; look --- looked

（2）以不发音的e结尾+d; 如：like --- liked ; dance--- danced

（3）辅音+y结尾的，变y为i，+ed;  如：carry --- carried ; study --- studied ; try --- tried ;

（4） 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再+ed. 如：stop --- stopped ; plan --- planned

3、规则动词过去式+ed的发音规律：

清辅音后读作 /t/ 如：liked ; danced , helped , looked , walked , picked , laughed

浊辅音或元音后读/d/ , 如：lived , turned , moved , showed , used  

/t/  /d/ 之后读 / id / : visited , planted , wasted , protected , collected , shouted , wanted , pointed

4、介词的用法：

make new clothes for you               try on

walk through the city                   in his new clothes

in the street                           look / point / laugh / shout at

a card from my good friend Mark         at half past four

in the park                           on the mountain

in the forest                          in front of the lion’s house

walk by the house                     live with the lion     

be nice to her                         look after him      

turn into a prince

5、say 和tell的区别：

   say 的意思是“说出，说过”强调说话的内容，say to sb.是指“对某人说”

   e.g.  He says to me , “I like my hometown.”  他对我说：“我喜欢我的家乡。”

   tell 的意思是“讲，叙述”，词组有：tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事， tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事

   tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人去做（不要做）某事

6、point to 与point at 的区别

   point at 习惯上表示指着离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着“，at 是介词，强调指的对象，指人时一般表示粗鲁或不礼貌。

   point to 多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to 是介词，强调方向，并不是指着该物体。

7、what ,how 引导的感叹句的区别

   what 引导的感叹句：

● What a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+代词+be动词！

What a fine day it it!

● What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+代词+be动词！

What beautiful flowers they are!

how 引导的感叹句：

● How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！

How clever the boy is!        How quickly the is writing!

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【知识点＆考点讲解】

语法知识部分

1、there be结构在一般过去时的各种句型转换：

There be结构的组成： There be + 名词短语 +方位短语.

(1)肯定句：

e.g.: Long long ago, there was a king. / There were a lot of people in the street.

(2)否定句：在be动词was或were后+not, some要改成any.

e.g.: There were some people in the street.(否定句)

There were not any people in the street.

(3) 一般疑问句及其肯定和否定回答：

e.g.: A: Was there a house on the mountain?

B: Yes, there was. / No, there wasn’t.

e.g.:A: Were there any flowers in the garden?

    B: Yes, there were. /No, there weren’t.

(4)有关there be的特殊疑问句的问答：

A1：What was in front of the lion’s house?(针对名词短语提问)  

B1: There were some flowers .

A2: How many houses were there on the mountain?（针对数量词提问）

B2: There was one.

2、动词在一般过去时中的变化(动词过去式)：

a、be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am , is ---- was,  are --- were.

b、规则动词的一般过去时的四种变化：

（1）直接+ed;  如：pick --- picked ; look --- looked

（2）以不发音的e结尾+d; 如：like --- liked ; dance--- danced

（3）辅音+y结尾的，变y为i，+ed;  如：carry --- carried ; study --- studied ; try --- tried ;

（4） 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再+ed. 如：stop --- stopped ; plan --- planned

3、规则动词过去式+ed的发音规律：

清辅音后读作 /t/ 如：liked ; danced , helped , looked , walked , picked , laughed

浊辅音或元音后读/d/ , 如：lived , turned , moved , showed , used  

/t/  /d/ 之后读 / id / : visited , planted , wasted , protected , collected , shouted , wanted , pointed

4、介词的用法：

make new clothes for you               try on

walk through the city                   in his new clothes

in the street                           look / point / laugh / shout at

a card from my good friend Mark         at half past four

in the park                           on the mountain

in the forest                          in front of the lion’s house

walk by the house                     live with the lion     

be nice to her                         look after him      

turn into a prince

5、say 和tell的区别：

   say 的意思是“说出，说过”强调说话的内容，say to sb.是指“对某人说”

   e.g.  He says to me , “I like my hometown.”  他对我说：“我喜欢我的家乡。”

   tell 的意思是“讲，叙述”，词组有：tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事， tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事

   tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人去做（不要做）某事

6、point to 与point at 的区别

   point at 习惯上表示指着离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着“，at 是介词，强调指的对象，指人时一般表示粗鲁或不礼貌。

   point to 多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to 是介词，强调方向，并不是指着该物体。

7、what ,how 引导的感叹句的区别

   what 引导的感叹句：

● What a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+代词+be动词！

What a fine day it it!

● What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+代词+be动词！

What beautiful flowers they are!

how 引导的感叹句：

● How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！

How clever the boy is!        How quickly the is writing!

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